Ever since the iPhone came out in 2007 and almost instantaneously overshadowed the Mac, both in terms of sales and development resources, Apple has been making the Mac a bit more like the iPhone. Sure, a few features have moved the other way—the iPad has gradually gotten a bit more Mac-like as it has become powerful enough to do Mac-like things—but a big piece of every macOS release this decade has been "here's all the stuff Apple brought over from iOS this year."
Catalina moves macOS further and more decisively in the direction of iOS than ever; for the first time, third-party code written for iOS and iPadOS can run on the Mac with relatively few changes. At the same time, Apple remains adamant that the Mac and iOS/iPadOS are separate platforms that differ in ways that go beyond the underlying processor architecture or the primary input mechanism.
Catalina also draws clearer lines between the two platforms than we've gotten before. Apple has both said and done things that only make sense if the Mac will still be able to run whatever code you want for the foreseeable future, even as the default settings and security mechanisms become more locked-down and iOS-y. The overwhelming success of the iPhone indicates that most people are fine with Apple's restrictions most of the time. But the slew of new desktop hardware we've gotten in the last couple of years suggests that Apple understands that a valuable, vocal chunk of the Mac user base (and the developers who drive the iPhone's and iPad's success) still wants powerful hardware that runs more flexible software.
Despite continued angst about what it means for apps to be "Mac-like," the Mac will continue to be the Mac, distinct from the iPhone and the iPad. Keep that in mind as we dig into Catalina, which changes a whole lot of stuff about how Macs work while still aiming to preserve what people like about them.
Table of Contents
- System requirements and compatibility
- What should I do with my unsupported Mac?
- Branding, installation, and free space
- The end of 32-bit apps (and other removals)
- OpenGL and OpenCL
- Dashboard is dead
- Python, Perl, and Ruby
- New features: Finder and window management tweaks
- System Preferences, refreshed
- Screen Time
- Voice Control
- Sidecar: Your iPad is a monitor now
- Compatibility
- Using Sidecar
- Sidecar and iPad accessories
- Catalyst: iPad apps come to the Mac
- What developers are saying
- SwiftUI (or, the future of cross-platform apps)
- iTunes no more: Music, Podcasts, and TV
- Music
- Podcasts
- TV
- Syncing with Finder
- Other apps: Find My
- Reminders
- Photos
- Notes
- QuickTime Player
- Messages
- The original Catalyst apps: News, Stocks, Home, and Voice Memos
- Safari 13
- Sign in with Apple
- Weak-password warnings
- Goodbye to standalone extensions
- Inspecting CPU usage
- And other additions
- Safari 13 in Mojave and High Sierra
- Under the hood: System Extensions and DriverKit
- System Extensions explained
- DriverKit: Fairly limited, for now
- The future of kexts
- The plight of the Hackintosh
- Catalina’s read-only system volume
- Volume groups, firmlinks, and why most people won’t notice any of this stuff
- FileProvider API
- New (and sometimes annoying) system security measures
- Grab bag
- Apple Arcade
- Activation Lock for Apple T2 Macs
- Apple Watch unlocking for apps
- WPA3 support
- AirPrint by default: A long goodbye to printer drivers
- Auto-Join Hotspot
- Preview signatures on your iDevices
- Bye Bash, hello Z Shell
- Expansion Slot Utility
- Dark Mode for Apple Remote Desktop
- No more cuts for macOS Server
- Upgrade now, or wait?
- Conclusions
- The good
- The bad
- The ugly
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