Huawei’s Push into the High End Depends on Continued Growth of its Honor

Last week, I had the pleasure to attend Huawei’s Analyst Summit in Shenzhen, China. I had the chance to hear senior management talk about the company’s strategy in the different segments it operates. While I am well aware of how wide Huawei’s reach into the mobile market is, both consumer and enterprise, I am always reminded at this event – this is my 4th – of how little the consumer business contributes to the overall company. Yet, this is by far the most visible part of what Huawei does.

In 2015, according to its internal numbers, Huawei’s high-end smartphone sales grew 72%, going from 18% in 2014 to 31%. Their stated target for 2016 is aggressive: 140+ million smartphones shipped where mid-end and high-end will contribute over 55% of the revenue.

Honor: the wind beneath the wings

Doing some quick math on the numbers takes me to the conclusion that, while more than half the revenue will be coming from mid and high-tier devices, Huawei will be relying on the Honor to continue to grow in volume.

Huawei created Honor in 2014 to try and diversify its go-to-market strategy following the success Xiaomi was having in China. Honor is mostly a direct-to-consumer business sold through Huawei online stores and select online partners like Amazon that supplement the main channel. When Honor was first launched, there was also an attempt to distance the brand from Huawei in order to penetrate markets such as the US where “Made in China” was under threat from privacy and security concerns.

Over time though, Honor has become more synonymous with affordable than alternative. The Honor 5X 16GB unlocked version currently sells on Amazon for $199.99. This is the entry price for Honor that increases to $399 for its high-end models. In these segments, Honor competes with the Huawei G and Huawei Y products.

At the event last week, there seemed to have been an urge to further distance Honor from Huawei to the point that very little was said about this line other than it is a totally separate brand. Yet, as Huawei wants its name to be associated with the high-end market, we could see a clearer split in portfolio with Honor becoming the volume lifter especially in markets such as the US where online sales are growing due to the decoupling of the phone and tariff costs. What will be interesting to see is how Huawei will develop a dual vs. single brand strategy. Whether under the Huawei or Honor brand, it is clear to me the mid-tier devices will be key in driving growth and, more importantly, economies of scales the high-end can benefit from. After all, we cannot ignore the fact that, even for Samsung, non-Galaxy and Note products still represent 30% of the installed base across markets.

Huawei’s opportunity in 2016 will be coming from more price sensitive markets

Looking at public data on purchase intention, Huawei scores highest in China. 10% of the online consumers interviewed said they will definitively consider purchasing what is now the top brand in China smartphone market according to Kantar Worldpanel ComTech. This compares to 5% for Xiaomi, 14% for Samsung and 18% for Apple. In Italy, where Huawei is currently the second most sold brand, 7% of connected consumers stated they would definitely consider purchasing Huawei. Most of the other markets do not go above 5%. In the US, where Huawei has yet to make much inroads, intention reaches only 3%. Considering both the skew to pre-pay as well as the more price sensitive nature of these opportunity markets, it is sensible to expect the lower end of the Huawei portfolio to play a more important role in converting sales. Overall, Honor products represent roughy 20% of the current Huawei installed base while the Huawei G and Y lines represent 30%. Too much of an overlap between the two brands might cause Huawei to compete with itself more than capture share from competitors, so careful consideration will be needed as there is certainly price overall.

Can Huawei really be successful in the high-end?

Succeeding in the high-end of the smartphone market is not for the faint-hearted. Across markets, that saturated segment is controlled by Apple and Samsung with very little erosion inflicted by other brands. Samsung has been losing market share to other Android vendors, Huawei in particular, but it has done so in the mid-tier segment with users that either did not own a Galaxy model or have older generations.

While Huawei has been delivering higher-end devices in specs, its prices have been more of a high-mid-tier portfolio. The launch of the P9 changed that, as the Chinese vendor priced the new flagship right where Samsung and Apple’s high-end products are positioned. Yet, while brand awareness is growing, consumers do not consider Huawei to be at the same level. The UK market is a very good example of that struggle. With almost half of the UK smartphones sales falling in the high-end, Huawei has been unable to grow share as significantly as in markets such as Italy, Spain and, more recently, Germany.

In the past, other brands that started as a value play struggled to change consumer perception. LG is a very good example of that inability where, even after the success of its Nexus 5, LG G4 and LG G5, it is not considered quite at the same level as homegrown competitor Samsung.

Huawei is certainly spending a lot of money and effort in strengthening its brand through brand ambassadors such as actress Scarlett Johansson, actor Henry Cavill, and soccer player Lionel Messi. CMO Glory Cheung also walked us through changes to the logo design that will be used more fluidly, depending on the channel and campaign. All of this is certainly helpful and shows how serious Huawei is at being a global player but sadly, it is not always a guaranteed recipe for success.

Huawei is certainly aware of the challenges it faces to reposition its brand and, with the new MateBook, it made the conscious decision to enter at a higher price point so the brand in the new segment can be associated more with design and higher spec than good value for money. The difficulty here is the lack of experience in the PC market as well as lack of enterprise credibility when it comes to channel strategy, device management, and customer support.

The key to success is to turn “Made in China” to a must have

Appealing to high-end buyers takes a mix of aspirational brand, good design, reliable and quality hardware and software. I have already discussed the effort on brand. There is no doubt Huawei’s design is strong and its smartphones have improved in quality and reliability. Software however, is not a strong point for the Chinese brand and, within the Android ecosystem where consumers have a wide selection of brands to choose from, software can make a difference. This is particularly true if software gets in the way of user experience.

Huawei has been successful at making “Made in China” appealing to its home market that historically has preferred foreign brands. Over the years, the tech hub has been moving from Japan to Korea and on to China. Yet, while for Japan and Korea there was a recognition there was value add in what came out from local vendors, China does not seem to have achieved the same status. This certainly has to do with the perception consumers have from other industries and the start of the smartphone market that China is not about talent but about cheap labor. Xiaomi and Huawei have shown this is no longer the case but, while Xiaomi’s business model is hard to replicate abroad, Huawei has the skills to take their success in China to other markets around the world. This effort however, will take time and a considerable amount of resources.

Published by

Carolina Milanesi

Carolina is a Principal Analyst at Creative Strategies, Inc, a market intelligence and strategy consulting firm based in Silicon Valley and recognized as one of the premier sources of quantitative and qualitative research and insights in tech. At Creative Strategies, Carolina focuses on consumer tech across the board. From hardware to services, she analyzes today to help predict and shape tomorrow. In her prior role as Chief of Research at Kantar Worldpanel ComTech, she drove thought leadership research by marrying her deep understanding of global market dynamics with the wealth of data coming from ComTech’s longitudinal studies on smartphones and tablets. Prior to her ComTech role, Carolina spent 14 years at Gartner, most recently as their Consumer Devices Research VP and Agenda Manager. In this role, she led the forecast and market share teams on smartphones, tablets, and PCs. She spent most of her time advising clients from VC firms, to technology providers, to traditional enterprise clients. Carolina is often quoted as an industry expert and commentator in publications such as The Financial Times, Bloomberg, The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. She regularly appears on BBC, Bloomberg TV, Fox, NBC News and other networks. Her Twitter account was recently listed in the “101 accounts to follow to make Twitter more interesting” by Wired Italy.

14 thoughts on “Huawei’s Push into the High End Depends on Continued Growth of its Honor”

  1. Interesting, thank you.

    It seems Huawei is using all the tools of the trade with a deep effort that smacks of long-term brand building. They’ve set up a design studio in France and are giving PR tours like there’s no tomorrow. I’m sure they have an engineering studio in Germany, a financial engineering outpost in the UK.. ;-p They’re also doing a very strong push in the retail channels w/ frequent rep visits, incentives, perma-sales à la Samsung… Their marketing push is not just pretty faces on ads. They’re also blanketing the press with loaners and presentations.

    In France, the mere name is an issue though. It is utterly foreign, in a way Apple and Samsung aren’t, unpronouncable to us, and when it is pronounced, it doesn’t sound like “it should”, so those of us that looked it up don’t even articulate the same sounds as the DIY-pronouncing types. It’s a very silly and superficial branding problem to have, but quite real. Not sure how it works out for them in other Western countries.

    The devices are unremarkable, which is fine now that they all look nice and the insides are OK for almost all. Pricing has made the 5X the default midranger this year. That’s bad at the high end though, half the raison d’être of high end phones is to be noticed.
    I think the Android landscape is turning into a long-term industrial+marketing power play: branding or features breakthrough are unlikely at this stage, though Samsung did pull off a nice one by making their Edge line instantly recognizable even from afar. I’m guessing Huawei will be good at that long game, especially with their most likely competitor Lenovo so slow to assert… anything.

    1. Thanks for sharing your thoughts. Agree on the name – people still cannot pronounce Nokia properly in the US and that is much easier than Huawei 🙂 Huawei is deaf in this for the long run and they will take their time to get it right and of course they have the advantage to have a business large enough that can afford to do this more than say an HTC could

      1. I remember when the Acura brand first hit the market. Almost all of the first year’s advertising was focused on pronunciation.

        Joe

      2. Well, Hyundai seems to do fine despite its name. They were smart enough to use (invent, really) a pronunciation for the international market that is different from the authentic Korean and easier for Westerners.

  2. I am ever the skeptic that a significant market for a high-end computing device can be established around a basically generic OS. It couldn’t be done with Windows PCs, why anyone thinks it can be done with Android phones escapes me. You can’t just wish race-to-the-bottom market dynamics away.

    1. I think that’s only partly true: sure, having devices running the exact same apps at a fraction of the cost forces one to frontally tackle the issue of whether better materials/camera/performance/features… are really worth the extra cost. But, OEMs are getting better at making the case for premium devices (and, incidentally, at making premium devices ^^). Even in the Wintel world, which is a lot less consumer-oriented than Mobile, we’re now seeing life at the fancy end, not just at the high-performance end.
      A lot is made about falling ASPs, but that’s mostly a function of much lower costs driving all prices down. If we define Premium as, say, 2x ASP instead of as a fixed number (and now that Apple has released the se which is below $500 in both memory sizes, I’m sure we’ll start doing just that ^^, alternatively, we could look at margins but that’s complicated), I’m not sure Premium’s share is faring that bad even on the Android side.

      1. I didn’t say premium generic is impossible, just niche. And Android manufacturers are trying to differentiate by creating their own ecosystems which they hope helps insulate them from the race to the bottom. But then they are in complete cross purposes with Google, or Alphabet, or whatever is the proper corporate entity that Android now falls under.

        Mind you, it’s not enough to be able to differentiate. They need to offer a quality differentiated product to succeed in breaking out of the race to the bottom.

        1. But:
          1- It’s not “premium generic”, it’s “premium”. It just depends on your definition of Premium. For you it’s “is Apple”. For others it’s best camera, best screen, best looks, most expensive… That has little to do with OS/Ecosystem. Things don’t have to be incompatible to be premium.
          2- Android OEMs have mostly given up on creating their own ecosystems, at most they have a custom UI and a sprinkling of apps, if that. They’ve been going for looks and camera those last 2 years, mostly.
          3- I love the forced, snide, fake naming fumble ;-p

  3. Should you see someone who seems to be promising, start a dialog. Not everyone is going to make excellent conversation. If she prefers to cowl up around acutely aware areas, why not try a two piece bikini set, an excellent piece of lingerie nonetheless trying sexy and making your girl feel utterly snug and pleased that you have taken her personality and magnificence into consideration when giving her the right gift. Perhaps the woman who feels more like a sister has a best good friend that is perfect for you, or the man who isn’t on the lookout for dedication has a cousin who hopes to marry and start a family inside two years. When learning how to select up a lady guys can get away with a bit of a hunch, however ladies really do desire males with straight, upright postures. Is Courting More durable for Guys Than Ladies? Today’s women might be extra assertive in their relationship habits, and you do not need one other girl’s forthrightness to catch his attention first. Crack more jokes. Tease your companion a bit. If not, you may have to rethink your listing of wishes or suppose about different ways to offer a bit extra.

    Make a common checklist of the qualities you’ll be able to carry to a relationship. Likewise, don’t make an impossibly specific list of the qualities that somebody must have to date you. A number of ladies feel actually rejected when men don’t write them back. How Do Men Get Higher at Dating? Do the next to enhance your dating abilities and get the most out of each experience. My waters are tame, I counsel wade out into shark infested waters. If the emotions are mutual, you would possibly embark on a whirlwind relationship that feels too good to be true. While all of us have our flaws and will hopefully work on enhancing ourselves whether or not we’re single or in a relationship. That method, you not solely have a higher likelihood of attracting somebody with those same qualities, however you’ll even have a stronger sense of self-sufficiency that can serve you whereas you’re single. With millions of single individuals from which to decide on, how are you able to presumably decide where to begin? But taking the time to slow down and get to know both your self and your dates can vastly improve your probabilities for finding your heart’s desire. Thats what is great about movie dates during the film film you do not need to do something as a result of that would interrupt the film, so no. You may hold her hand or put your arm around her when you ever get to the stage the place that would be snug.

    But I swear, kids can odor fakery and worry on a pre-stepparent like they’re nice whites and you are thrashing around in open water with some sort of bleeding head wound and no land in sight. For women and men, the potential for an incredible relationship experience starts with you. This is why males are courting youthful ladies. Do give your date a quick call or depart a message at the place you are planning to fulfill if you understand you’re going to be late. Maybe they like going to films, out to the bar or they are focused on artwork. If you’re looking for love, companionship, or someone to fill your Saturday nights, you’ll have to go out there and find it-which means navigating the complicated minefield of dating. There’s nothing improper with riding the wave, but it is smart to maintain a healthy distance and detachment throughout this time.

    A date is nothing greater than an obligation to spend a specific time period with somebody. On many courting sites, you are able to do multiple profile, and also you await other people to contact you. It may harm, it might probably really feel surprising, and it can be confusing. If I can’t trust you, your driving, your words, or your arms, I will really feel anxious round you. With a very good sense of who you might be, what you need, and what you will give, you don’t need to worry rejection. On today’s episode, I discuss to a 36-12 months-previous lady who comes from small town in the middle of nowhere, so online dating seems to be her solely hope. You may assume: “Why does everybody on the market who I’m courting suck so much? If you’re above center-college age, there isn’t any motive to play video games. There’s one thing which is extremely attractive a couple of clean-cut, nicely dressed man. With your lists completed, get to know some people who match your common standards. Earlier than diving into the singles scene at your corner bar, take some time to genuinely get to know your self. Don’t get so charmdate scam hung up on worrying about whether individuals such as you that you just overlook to determine whether you like them.

  4. Online dating can be fun, however there are rather a lot risks involved as properly. They are no threats exterior and they have time to be taught who you’re. Did you have a favorite class? Often, we tend to fight the universe with annoyed pondering, like, “This needs to be easier,” or, “I should have met them by now.” As a substitute, try changing the wording. When you’re fascinated by what went improper, try to home in on specific particulars so you possibly can learn from the expertise. If you’ve met somebody you’re excited about, there’s no need to keep wanting for brand spanking new suitors online. In delicate, witty, playful methods, this woman communicates who she is, what she has to supply, and what she’s searching for in a partner (together with the most genius approach of inconspicuously mentioning that she desires to have children sometime). 5. Easy to entry: Unlike different paid websites where it’s a must to wrestle with many detailing and frequent payments for subscription, free courting portals are worth utilizing for simplicity. If your love interest claims to jet set to Singapore each weekend to chill on Leo’s yacht, but can’t succinctly define their job in a sentence, there is a good likelihood that their tales are simply too good to be true.

    I have been a member of ChnLove for a number of years since I really want to search out a phenomenal Chinese language lady as a lifetime partner, and this platform presents me a superb chance to search out my dreamed style. By staying throughout the chosen audience and focusing the advertising and marketing technique on this group, there’s a better likelihood of generating dates… The platforms showed how display names can be used as a technique to present certain impression. Four important themes had been generated: Display screen names, Terminal identities, Internet Presence and private Profile. Nonetheless, not like the private advertisements, you even have more room that you may share! Users are likely to put up their personal pursuits so as to draw their potential companions on Tinder as well as MuzMatch. Customers reply questions on mutual pursuits and habits like favourite movies, significance given to physical health and religious beliefs. The findings reveal that charmdate.com each MusMatch and Tinder allow its customers to decide on their own display names without any restrictions. Possibly you realized that it is advisable screen your on-line dates more carefully, schedule more downtime between work and dinner, or be extra open and susceptible to form a greater connection. The frequency with which MusMatch customers seem to interact for relationship that results in marriage is way over any other type of relationship.

    Never reveal your actual e-mail handle, phone number or more than your first nameuntil you actually feel safe with them. Making good impressions on first encounters? Assume: “It would be nice if online dating was at all times simple and fun, but I know there will be ups and downs.” Or: “I wish I had met a partner by now, however I haven’t, so I’ll continue to do what I can to make that happen and get pleasure from all of the good issues in my life.” Utilizing a unique tone and phrasing can turn down the emotional impact of those statements, making acceptance simpler. There are so many great methods that you can search for a mate, but none compare with the ease of an online dating webpage where you can view other people who are particularly focused on an Asian courting expertise just such as you. You may notice that there are many nice single people out there, that you’ve had some grat relationships in the past, and that many of your folks are in completely satisfied committed relationships with folks they met online. These embody people who are married or those who are in relationships.

    First I texted 4 associates who travel and eat out rather a lot and whose judgment I belief. Her first piece of recommendation is to have an opener you always use. Use of this net site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions. Bounced is such form of site where various kinds of options can be found for the members. We took the liberty of ranking each site within their respective classes to make your life that much less complicated. Online dating websites lately make it simple to search out dates that match into your most popular personality sort. These websites may even give you a number of relationship advices in order that you can make your hunt for an ideal relationship companion profitable. Maybe you bought to strive a brand new restaurant, apply your flirting skills, or meet an interesting particular person-even when it wasn’t a perfect match. Try to talk to yourself the identical manner. As a substitute, try to be extra specific. You could find that if you do come again to online dating, you’re extra energized and open to finding love. When you’re “talking to yourself” in your head, do you treat your self with the same love and assist you’d present a close friend.

  5. In spite of everything, they don’t want a buddy or household member to come across their profile! Don’t be afraid to ask a friend – in the event you begin to decide to a relationship on-line or in particular person it can be exhausting to remain goal. Equality is essential to a profitable relationship – that is among the finest online dating advice for males. American singles is an online site which supplies a romantic relationship companies. But writing your individual romantic marketing copy is not necessarily a snug process, and many individuals find themselves making an attempt to look cool or striving for perfection – and sacrificing authenticity alongside the way in which. Yes, that is only the quantity of different websites; it is not any surprise that heaps of people discover online dating overpowering! The idea of success with online dating does not finish with getting a date. Take your time attending to know someone online. In the world of online dating, white lies take on many types, together with: posting a photo more than 9 months outdated; mendacity about your age; lying about your income; mendacity about your job. You want to find out what colours look finest on you, costume good, be clean reduce, and have somebody take numerous pictures of you that are fun and lively.

    Never click on on any hyperlinks a stranger sends you, even if it looks like a TikTok or enjoyable meme. Perhaps you’ll be able to recall being on a date with somebody you didn’t click with and even had to endure a dialog with a Chatty Cathy on an airplane. Being respectful means not being lewd (in communicating with others) and not “dropping off the face of the earth” when you progress on. This implies that you are not going to be matched with other ladies who’re more selective over the guys that they’re swiping. Quite a lot of guys appear to have the dreamer mentality on the subject of online dating, that means, they hope that success simply falls into their lap with out them having to do a lot of something in any respect. But I had an inspiration and motivation to assist guys change into good with women. Your first e mail to somebody you are thinking about is an important one you’ll ever write as a result of it can help decide whether or not or not they write back. Women know that they don’t have to reply to every single email that they receive because they are in such extremely high demand. Some women do not mind talking about themselves all day lengthy but if you’re having e-mail conversations with males and you’re the just one doing all of the speaking then one thing could possibly be wrong!

    For example, Peek a Bio and Chick n Chit let you post a profile then hand out specifically printed cards to individuals you meet in on a regular basis life who you might be fascinated by. From the time you join a service by way of the time you meet on a date, it is essential to be safe. These are companies aimed at bringing together folks, so far, who share a specific common ardour or desire. It all usually is a contact too bold for a preliminary date, however what a straightforward technique to make your coronary heart working and in addition sharing a memorable experience together with a woman. It’s a positive step toward seeing if the vocational pull in your heart is authentically a part of God’s plan for you. Plan ahead: if you happen to and your match want to fulfill up in particular person, arrange a date in a public place so there are people around in case you need assistance. In a nutshell: by no means give out a lot personal information; never give a home telephone quantity; at all times meet in a public place for the first date; ask for a recent photo (or how previous posted photos are); and belief your intestine instinct.

    For so long as I could remember, money had been an emotional stress point for me – so much in order that I had avoided talking about it altogether with the people I dated. Quitting too soon is too widespread amongst guys, and this is certainly one of the most important explanation why so many fail to get a lot of anything out of online dating. Learn some good communication methods by studying a few of these Online Dating Journal articles and columns: 12 Keys to higher asiame review Online Dating Communication | Relationship From the Inside Out | Connect. I hope that these communication tips will allow you to out in your online dating adventures. Married people will be extraordinarily secretive and irregular of their communication with you. It is a unhappy fact that just about 1/4th of people who take part in online dating are married. Your profile is certainly one of the two key parts that may decide if an individual emails you on an online dating service (the opposite is picture – see subsequent tip).

  6. If you are the one who would like to work together courting a Hispanic lady, males or lady, or involved to know more about Latin and Spanish tradition, then there are a whole lot of people available for you. Should you prefer to go out, then your relationship with a lady from Latin America will probably be excellent. They charm men with their seems to be however when men chat with Latin ladies, they simply fall in love with them. They prefer to look beautiful, in order that they wear nice clothes that highlight their beautiful our bodies, they like to put on hair down, and they love hills. Males always call them sizzling-blooded not just because they are sexy and good in mattress however because they like to precise their feelings by speaking loud. They prefer to have enjoyable however household is their precedence. If you’re into using a huge buddies and family residing along, your partner goes to help most people sincerely.

    Latin brides are sincere and loyal. Latin women can’t go away without ardour. An important thing to recollect is that Latin women dating is all about feelings and passion. Typically, Latin women are good for marriage, because they know how you can get pleasure from each moment, even if it could appear that there’s nothing positive at all. This way, you’re sure it has several members and that your chances of discovering a partner are excessive. Register on a web site with several members. Aside from that, the web site has great instant messaging methods, emails, and EMF mail – a partially free characteristic that permits you to obtain messages from different members without paying. Yes, American relationship webpage and different sites are definitely going to guantee that you should have to fulfill the suitable person on your life. Regardless that numerous men assume that Latin ladies are straightforward to get because they are chatty and flirty, you’ll have to work hard to get a Latin lady. Keep studying the article to find out about Latin America women’s qualities and find out why they make nice wives. Why Are Latin Dating Sites So Widespread Now?

    I look ahead to beginning to have latin dating. The explanation why Latinas are so standard and why they all the time have a whole lot of consideration is, after all, their amazing look. We’ve compiled a list of the highest free Latino dating latamdate.com web sites, so take a look and see which one will give you the results you want! Latino men are additionally extremely romantic. In case your answer is yes, there are two options for you: fly to Brazil which is able to take lots of time, and money, and should not even result in desired outcomes. You two will get pleasure from a social life, have a whole lot of buddies and will be busy enjoying meals out, chilling out on beaches and traveling around the world. In response to the 2019 checklist, Mexico would have the twelfth most respected business on the earth (US$217.Eight billion), Brazil has the thirteenth largest (US$173.6 billion), Venezuela the thirtieth largest (US$58.2 billion, nevertheless, which depend upon oil to acquire this value), Argentina the thirty first largest (US$57.7 billion), Colombia the 46th largest (US$35.4 billion), Peru the 50th largest (US$28.7 billion) and Chile the 51st largest (US$28.Three billion). Colombia’s largest highlight is in coal, the place the country was, in 2018, the world’s 12th largest producer and the 5th largest exporter.

    By no means share sensitive info, lest you turn out to be a sufferer of fraudsters. As such, you should watch out about sharing sensitive particulars about your monetary standing, residence, and place of work. The couple had been eliminated in Week 3, finishing in 14th place. Should you arranged a meetup, resolve on a public place. Loneliness bothers heaps of individuals, and it’s totally comprehensible. For most of those individuals, the direct to the point trait of Individuals would mean settling down after the first date which is of course not the case. Latin women hate when males lie, so if you happen to let down your Latin girlfriend make sure that she’s going to scream and shout at you. Latin ladies need to develop into good wives and have youngsters, so courting with out responsibilities isn’t acceptable for them. Start your singles for single ladies right here:. Based on the site, each single complaint is taken very significantly and investigated thoroughly. You want to have a paid account to alternate messages with different customers.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *